Understanding different Javascript versions

I just started learning Javascript and I am in the very beginning, I have questions though that might help clear my vision.

Whenever I search for javascript tutorials, a lot of other versions shows up, like: JSON, node.js, Jquery... and there are quite a lot more as well..

My question is, since I have no idea what those names refers to, can someone give me a brief outline about this different version of javascript, and whether or not they are related, and what are they used for, also what is the best way of learning Javascript and which path should I take!

Thank you everyone.